RBI Floating Rate Bond Interest Rate 2025

The government needs funds to build highways, railways, hospitals, and other infrastructure. One of the simplest ways it raises money is by selling bonds. When investors buy these bonds, they lend money to the government and, in return, receive a promise of regular interest payments.

The government needs funds to build highways, railways, hospitals, and other infrastructure. One of the simplest ways it raises money is by selling bonds. When investors buy these bonds, they lend money to the government and, in return, receive a promise of regular interest payments.

Bonds help the government and offer investors a reliable source of income, especially during volatile stock market times. In India, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) manages several types of bonds, including Floating-Rate Bonds and Savings Bonds.

What is an RBI Bond?

An RBI Bond is a debt instrument issued by the Reserve Bank of India on behalf of the Government of India. It is a tool for the government to borrow money from the public to finance various projects and expenses. Unlike shares representing ownership, you lend money to the issuer (the Government) when you buy a bond. In return, you receive fixed or floating interest at regular intervals.

Interest on these bonds is paid semi-annually on January 1st and July 1st at an 8.05% per annum. The RBI notifies of any changes in the interest rate. Unlike the other types of bonds, the cumulative option is not available for RBI bonds. Various public and private sector banks provide these types of bonds to citizens.

What are Floating Rate Bonds?

A floating-rate bond features a variable coupon payment, meaning the interest rate is periodically adjusted based on a benchmark rate. In simpler terms, the interest rate of a floating-rate bond fluctuates during its tenure in line with market interest rates.

Governments, financial institutions, or corporations can issue floating-rate bonds to raise capital. In India, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) issues Floating-Rate Savings Bonds (FRSBS), where the interest rate is linked to the prevailing rate of the National Savings Certificate (NSC) plus a fixed spread. These bonds have a seven-year tenure.

The spread refers to the fixed additional interest (currently 0.35%) added to the prevailing NSC rate to determine the coupon rate of RBI Floating-Rate Savings Bonds.

Types of RBI Bonds

There are various types of bonds that the RBI issues. 

Floating rate savings and sovereign gold bonds are issued regularly and available to individuals and retail investors. 

Bonds like inflation-indexed bonds, capital-indexed bonds and zero-coupon bonds, which the RBI also issues, are not available for individuals and retail investors 

RBI Floating Rate Bond Interest Rate 2025

The current RBI floating-rate bond interest rate for 2025 is 8.05% per annum, making it a great choice among debt investments. Unlike fixed-rate bonds, this interest rate is variable and tied to the interest rate of the National Savings Certificate (NSC), a government-backed savings scheme.

These bonds offer a 0.35% higher interest rate than NSC; his 0.35% is the spread. When NSC rates rise, so do the rates for RBI Floating Rate Savings Bonds, and vice versa when NSC rates fall. This link ensures that the interest rate on these bonds remains competitive and responsive to market changes.

RBI Bond Interest Rate for Senior Citizens

RBI Floating Rate Savings Bonds are a safe and reliable investment option for senior citizens. These bonds currently offer an interest rate of 8.05% per annum, which is revised every six months based on market conditions. With a low minimum investment amount, they are easily accessible to most retirees. Senior citizens can also withdraw their money early, depending on their age and lock-in period. These features make the bonds a flexible and secure choice for retirement income.

Lock-in period structure.

The lock-in period for RBI Floating Rate Savings Bonds varies based on the investor’s age at the time of investment. While the standard tenure is 7 years, senior citizens are allowed early withdrawal after a shorter lock-in, providing added financial flexibility in retirement.

RBI Bonds Eligibility

• To avail of the  RBI bonds interest rate, you need to meet the following eligibility criteria:
• You must be a resident of India to invest in RBI Bonds.
• NRIS or Non-Residents of India are not permitted to invest in RBI Bonds.
• You must be a legal adult and can invest either in your own name or on behalf of a minor, such as a parent or legal guardian.
• Payment for the bond should be made individually or jointly.
• Hindu Undivided Families (HUFS) can also invest in RBI Bonds.

RBI Bonds Minimum and Maximum Investment Limits

You need to invest a minimum of Rs. 1,000 in RBI bonds, and after that, you can invest in multiples of Rs. 1,000. There is no maximum limit on how much you can invest in RBI bonds. However, if you invest via cash, you can invest at most Rs. 20,000. 

Tax on RBI Bonds 

Under the Income Tax Act of 1961, Tax is applicable on the earned interest from RBI bonds. Tax rate depends on the investor's income tax bracket.  You do not have to pay wealth tax on the RBI bonds under the Wealth-tax Act, 1957.

Benefits of Investing in RBI Bonds

Taxation Clarity

RBI Floating Rate Bonds do not offer any tax exemptions on interest earned. The income is taxed according to the investor’s applicable income tax slab under "Income from Other Sources." This structure benefits individuals in lower tax brackets, as their effective post-tax returns remain reasonably competetive.

Attractive Interest Rate

The bonds currently offer an interest rate of 8.05 per cent per annum, which is significantly higher than many traditional fixed-income options. In a market environment where bank fixed deposits and other savings instruments yield lower returns, these bonds stand out as a viable choice for conservative investors seeking higher income without equity market exposure.

Liquidity Support

Though the bonds have a fixed maturity of seven years, provisions for premature withdrawal are available for senior citizens based on age-specific lock-in periods. This feature offers a degree of liquidity not commonly found in other long-term fixed-income products such as the Public Provident Fund (PPF) or the National Savings Certificate (NSC).

Responsive to Interest Rate Changes

The interest rate on these bonds is reset every six months, based on the National Savings Certificate (NSC) prevailing rate plus a fixed spread of 0.35 per cent. This floating structure allows the bond to adjust in line with rising market interest rates, providing a level of inflation protection not available in fixed-rate instruments.

Balanced Tenure with Exit Options

With a tenure of seven years, the bond offers a medium-to-long-term investment horizon suitable for income planning. Although it is non-transferable and cannot be traded in the secondary market, the option for early exit after the specified lock-in period enhances its practical appeal for individuals needing flexibility.

High Level of Security

These bonds carry a sovereign guarantee and are issued by the Reserve Bank of India on behalf of the Government of India. This ensures that both the principal amount and interest payments are fully secure, making them a dependable investment avenue for risk-averse investors who prioritise capital preservation.

How to Buy an RBI Floating Rate Bond?

To buy RBI Floating Rate Bonds:

• Visit a designated bank branch (like SBI, HDFC, ICICI) or post office, or log in to your bank’s internet banking.
• RBI bonds can also be bought through brokers
• Fill out the application form with personal and investment details.
• Submit KYC documents if required (PAN, Aadhaar, address proof).
• Make the payment through net banking, account debit, or cheque.
• You’ll receive the bond certificate in digital format once the investment is processed.

Factors Affecting RBI Floating Rate Bond Interest Rates

The interest rates on RBI Floating Rate Bonds are dynamic and are revised every six months based on specific economic indicators. Understanding these influencing factors can help investors anticipate potential rate changes and make informed decisions.

Repo Rate

One of the most significant factors affecting RBI bond rates is the repo rate, which is the rate at which the Reserve Bank of India lends money to commercial banks. When the RBI increases the repo rate, it usually leads to higher interest rates across the banking system. Since RBI Floating Rate Bonds are linked to instruments like the National Savings Certificate (NSC), which are benchmarked to broader interest rate movements, a hike in the repo rate can lead to a higher reset rate for these bonds. On the other hand, if the repo rate is cut, it may result in a lower bond interest rate in the upcoming cycle.

Inflation

Inflation plays a key role in determining the RBI’s monetary policy. When inflation rises beyond acceptable levels, the RBI typically responds by increasing the repo rate to reduce liquidity in the system and control price growth. This, in turn, indirectly affects the interest rate on floating-rate bonds. Conversely, during periods of low inflation, the repo rate may be reduced, which can eventually bring down the return offered on these bonds. Thus, bondholders should keep an eye on inflation trends as they directly impact interest rate direction.

GDP Growth and Economic Conditions

The overall economic environment, including GDP growth, unemployment, and industrial production, also influences interest rate movements. During periods of strong economic growth, the RBI may tighten monetary policy by increasing rates to control inflation and prevent the economy from overheating. This can benefit bondholders through higher interest payouts. However, in times of economic slowdown or recession, the RBI may cut rates to encourage spending and investment, potentially leading to lower interest returns on floating rate bonds.

Conclusion

RBI Floating Rate Bonds are a reliable and low-risk investment option backed by the Government of India, offering a current interest rate of 8.05% per annum that resets every six months based on the NSC rate. They provide better returns than many traditional savings instruments and are especially suitable for conservative investors and senior citizens due to their safety, stable income, and flexible early exit options. With no maximum investment limit and a straightforward buying process, these bonds are a wise choice for those looking to earn regular income without exposing themselves to stock market volatility.